<p>White&#39;s Tavern  is a historic former tavern on United States Route 6 in Andover, Connecticut, built in 1773. It is a well-preserved example of colonial architecture, notable for hosting French Army officers in the American Revolutionary War. It is now a private residence and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former White&#39;s Tavern is located on the east side of US Route 6, south of its junction with Hendee Road. The building is set between US 6 and Hutchinson Road, an 18th-century alignment of a main road through the area. It is a large -story wood-framed structure, five bays wide with two interior chimneys. The windows are evenly spaced within a narrower area than the full width of the building, rather than being uniformly spaced across the main façade. The main entrance is framed by simple molding and topped by a transom window. The building has a central hall plan, with original wide floor boards, plasterwork, and fireplaces. Some of the upstairs rooms have swinging walls mounted on strap hinges that can be moved to create a large ballroom.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built in 1773 by Daniel White, and was in use as a tavern when the French Army marched through the area in 1781, camping just to its north. The Marquis de Chastellux was among the French officers who stayed here. The building is also architecturally significant as a well-preserved 18th century tavern house.</p><br>
<p>Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas, now better known as Presidio of San Sabá, was founded in April 1757 near present-day Menard, Texas, United States to protect the Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá, established at the same time. The presidio and mission were built to secure Spain&#39;s claim to the territory. They were part of the treaty recently reached with the Lipan Apaches of the area for mutual aid against enemies. The early functioning of the mission and presidio were undermined by Hasinai, also allied with the Spanish, attacking the Apaches. The mission was located three miles downstream from the presidio by request of the monks at the mission to ensure that the Spanish soldiers would not be a corrupting influence on the Lipan Apaches the monks were trying to convert to Christianity. The original presidio and mission were built out of logs.</p><br>
<p>On March 16, 1758, am army of an estimated 2000 Comanche and Wichita Indians, bitter enemies of the Lipan Apache, attacked Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá. The presidio sent a small force to aid the mission, but the soldiers were driven back. Two of the three priests at the mission were killed and the mission was destroyed. The Indians did not attack the presidio.</p><br>
<p>More than a year later, a force of 600 men from the presidio set out to find and punish the Indians responsible for the attack on the mission. The Spanish force was repulsed with heavy losses and the presidio commander was relieved of command. The new commander replaced the log stockade with a stone compound and was renamed, Presidio de San Saba&#39;. The post was abandoned in 1768, reoccupied briefly in 1770, then permanently abandoned.</p><br>
<p>A portion of the presidio was rebuilt as a Works Progress Administration project for the Texas Centennial in 1936.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Foundation</h3><br>
<p>In June 1753, Lt. Juan Galvan and Father Miguel de Aranda were sent on an expedition to explore Apacheria, and selected a spot on the San saba river for a mission, marking the spot with a large wooden cross. a subsequent expedition by Pedro de Rabago y Teran and Father Jose Lopes in Dec. 1754 to the same area named the site "Paso de la Santa Cruz", and recommended a stone and mortar fort with four curtains with two guns each. On 18 May 1756, Viceroy Marques de las Amarillas ordered Col. Diego Ortiz Parrilla to assume command of the San Xavier Presidio and transfer it along with the missions there to the San Saba site, the new presidio to be named after the Viceroy. Parilla was to take 50 men at the San Xavier garrison, and augment them with 22 from San Antonio and 27 new recruits.</p><br>
<p>Parilla was the former governor of Sinaloa and Sonora, captain of the Presidio de San Miguel de Horcasitas, and made a colonel in 1755. On 5 April 1775, Parrilla left 39 soldiers in a temporary camp with his livestock and supplies, and marched with 22 soldiers plus 6 Franciscan friars under Father Alonso Giraldo de Terreros, for the San Saba site, reaching it on 17 April. After the soldiers and supplies from the temporary camp arrived, the mission and quarters with irrigation ditch, plus barracks and family quarters for the soldiers and their 237 women and children, were built from logs and separated by three miles on opposite sides of the river.</p><br>
<p>In June, a band of 3000 Apaches arrived under the leadership of El Chico and Casablanca passed through on their way to attack the Comanches further north, but did not stay long on their return trip. With no Indians to teach, only the Queretaran Mission was built.</p><br>
<h3>Attack</h3><br>
<p>On the night of 25 Feb. 1758, while Joseph Antonio Flores was Sergeant of the Guard, the Presidios livestock was stampeded by Indians, resulting in the loss of 59 horses. A detachment of 6 men under Corporal Carlos de Uraga was attacked on the Pedernales River the next day, while on their way to warn Lt. Juan Galvans supply train en route from San Antonio. Parilla reinforced the supply train of 50 pack animals with 22 men, and provided 8 soldiers, with two cannons, to the Mission on 15 March when Father Terreros refused to seek sanctuary at the Presidio.</p><br>
<p>Three hours after sunrise on 16 March, Joseph Gutierrez arrived at the Presidio, having been sent by the Mission steward, to tell of "the arrival of the Indians and their bad behavior", the Indians armed with "French firearms, bullet pouches, and very large powder horns...others had pikes, and still others, bows and arrows; but most of them had muskets and cutlasses..." Parilla then sent Sergeant Flores and four men to reinforce the Mission., where he discovered "the road for almost three quarters of a league crowded with hostile Indians, and the Mission stockade completely surrounded by Indians firing their muskets." Still attempting to enter the Mission, Flores&#39; men advanced but the "Indians formed a column and marched rapidly toward the Presidio...as soon as the Indians had advanced to within musket range, they fired a volley at the squad of soldiers", wounding three. Flores estimated 1,500 Indians were moving forward to attack the Presidio, when he saw 3 San Antonio Mission Indians who "brought the news that the Texas and Comanche Indians had set fire to the stockyard and the houses at the Mission..."</p><br>
<p>Parilla held a council of war, where it was decided "the surprise assault on the Mission was now an accomplished fact and its destruction verified...the Presidio lay exposed to a similar attack...the Indians...could easily overwhelm any detachment sent out from the Presidio." Parilla collected all 59 of his remaining men (41 were on assignment elsewhere), plus the 237 women and children, into the Presidio at sunset, and then sent Flores to determine the situation at the Mission. Flores discovered "all the dwellings and other Mission buildings were in flames..." Several were able to escape however, including Father Miguel Molina as "the Indians were intent upon pillage and plunder, presuming that no one could escape alive through the flames raging everywhere."</p><br>
<p>Lt. Juan Galvan&#39;s supply train force of 22 soldiers and muleteers arrived at the Presidio on 17 March. The next day, the Indians were observed to be marching north. The Indians had slain 8 persons, including Fathers Terreros and Santiesteban, while 17 of the Indians were killed.</p><br>
<p>During the summer a large band of Apaches near the Presidios were attacked by northern Indians, killing 50 plus, and in Dec., another 21 were killed by northern Indians, all armed with muskets. On 30 March 1759, Indians stole 700 horses, mules and cattle belonging to the Presidio, killing the detail of soldiers assigned to guard them, leaving the garrison with only 27 horses.</p><br>
<h3>Vengeance</h3><br>
<p>On 27 June 1758, the Viceroy Marques de las Amarillas approved a campaign to punish the northern tribes. Parilla held a special council in San Antonio, on 3 Jan. 1759, with the governors of Coahuila and Texas plus the frontier officers, in which they recommended a force of 500. The Viceroy approved the plan on 30 March as did King Ferdinand VI. Parillas campaign force left in August and consisted of 50 men from his Presidios garrison plus 360 additional soldiers from San Antonio, Presidio del Rio Grande and Presidio del Reyno, plus included 176 Indian allies (134 Apaches acted as scouts and guides).</p><br>
<p>Parilla attacked a Tonkawa Village along the Clear Fork Brazos River on 2 Oct., and then a Taovayas (Wichitas) village along the Red River on 7 Oct. in the Battle of the Twin Villages The Tonkawas lost 55 killed and 149 taken prisoner, but led the Spanish on to the larger Wichita village in "French country", which included a stockade and between 2,000 and 6,000 Wichitas and Comanche allies. According to Parilla, "the enemy considered themselves secure in their fort. Those outside, with the help of those within, began to fire..." from a thickly wooded area and then "First one then the other flank gave way." Parilla&#39;s twin cannons had little effect on the fort, and by nightfall, retreated to his camp, leaving the cannons and suffering 19 dead, 14 wounded and 19 missing, but claiming to have killed "the chief of greatest acclaim among the Indians" and 50 others, wounding many more. Parilla waited three days before leading an orderly retreat back to the Presidio, reaching it on 25 Oct.</p><br>
<h3>Aftermath</h3><br>
<p>Marques de Cruillas took over as Viceroy from Marques de las Amarillas in 1760, assigned Parilla the governorship of Coahuila and installed Capt. Felipe de Rabago y Teran as commander of the Presidio. Within a year, Rabago rebuilt the stockade with limestone, including rooms built into the walls, a blockhouse and a moat, bringing the garrison up to full strength and well mounted. Rabago explored the Concho River and sent an exploratory expedition west to the Pecos River in the spring of 1761.</p><br>
<p>On 16 January 1762, Rabago established Mission San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz with Father Diego Jimenez along the El Rio de San Jose (upper Nueces River) for Apache Chief Cabezons tribe, manning it with 20 men under Lt. Manuel Valdez. Nearby they also founded Mission Nuestra senora de la Candelaria nearby for El Turnios tribe, and protected it with 10 soldiers. Yet in June 1762, the Presidio once again was raided by the northern Indians, killing 2 soldiers and taking 70 horses.</p><br>
<p>In 1764, Rabago reported a "severe attack on the Presidio", and in 1765, a detachment of 3 soldiers were killed in a Frio River Canyon ambush. Rabago noted in 1767 that the Comanches had made five attempts on the Presidio since Oct. of 1766, including three attempts on his supply trains.</p><br>
<h3>Inspection</h3><br>
<p>King Charles III sent his Inspector general Marqués de Rubí, accompanied by Nicolas de Lafora, on a tour of New Spain in 1766, after the acquisition of Louisiana following the Seven Years&#39; War. Rubí visited the Presidio in July 1766, reporting it served no purpose or advantage, "It affords as much protection to the interests of His Majesty in New Spain as a ship anchored in mid-Atlantic would afford in preventing foreign trade with America." Of the 24 presidios along the northern frontier, Rubí recommended the Presidio and 8 others be abandoned, forming a new frontier line from San Antonio to Santa Fe to the Gulf of California.</p><br>
<h3>Abandonment</h3><br>
<p>The Comanches stole the Presidio&#39;s entire herd of cattle on 10 Dec. 1767, Indians attacked again on 2 Jan. 1768, stole horses outside the wall on 14 Jan., then captured and tortured to death Lt. Joaquin Orendain and three other soldiers on 29 Feb. Then the garrison was afflicted with scurvy, Mal de Loanda, forcing Rabago to abandon the Presidio for the Mission San Lorenzo in the Valle de San Jose (El Canon) on 22 June. On 1 April 1769, Rabago was replaced as commander of the Presidio by Capt. Manuel Antonio de Oca, who took the garrison back to San Saba but retreated again to El Canon in early 1770. By 8 June 1771, Jacobo de Ugarte y Loyala, Governor of Coahuila, removed 29 men to San Antonio, and on 21 June 1771, the Viceroy called for the removal of the garrison entirely and the abandonment of the two missions at El Canon. In 1772, King Charles III issued a decree abandoning the Presidio, leaving East Texas entirely, and making San Antonio the new capital of Texas.</p><br>
<h2>San Saba Silver Mines</h2><br>
<p>A mine was started in August 1752 by five Spaniards from San Antonio in an area identified by Apaches containing gossan, Los Almagres to the Spanish. This pit, cueva in Spanish, was later identified to be "Boyds shaft" in "Boyds Pasture" along the Almagre or Honey Creek, a tributary of the Llano River. This range of hills where gossan is found, lies between the former presidios of San Saba and San Antonio de Bexar, in southeastern Llano County, today&#39;s Riley Mountains.</p><br>
<p>No ore of value was discovered but the governor of Texas, Jacinto de Barrios y Jauregui, on 26 Nov. 1755, appointed Bernardo de Miranda y Flores Teniente General of an expedition to this and another deposit of almagre. Miranda kept a journal of his twenty-three man strong expedition from 17 Feb. to 10 March 1756, followed by a report to Governor Barrios on 29 March 1756 and a petition to the Viceroy on 15 Feb. 1757. On 26 Feb., his journal noted he put his men to work so that the "pit could be cleaned out and examined to see if any ore veins could be found", "a tremendous stratum of ore was observed", and he named the pit of almagre San Joseph del Alcazar. In his report to the governor, Miranda stated, "The mines that are throughout the Cerro del Almagre and all its slope are so abundant", ten claims had already been filed, "that I guarantee to give a mine to each of all the inhabitants of this province of Texas...at many of the mines the owners will be able to install haciendas" (de fundicion and de beneficio for smelting and chemical reduction respectively). Miranda reported he could not travel to another "Almagre Grande", as "many Spaniards would be needed" because of the threat of Comanche Indians living there. In his petition to the Viceroy, Miranda noted he had "crudely removed some ore, which is what was assayed".</p><br>
<p>This three pound sample of ore, and Mirandas report, were sent by Barrios to Manuel de Aldaco in Mexico City, who had it assayed by smelting and amalgamation. Smelting assayed five ounces of silver per hundred pounds of ore, too poor for smelting, while no silver could be extracted from amalgamation. Aldacos report asked for thirty cargas of almagre for further testing.</p><br>
<p>In Miranda&#39;s petition to the Viceroy regarding this requested thirty loads of ore, he requested "these expenses be paid from the account of the royal treasury", promising to "execute all that is prescribed in the referred report" and "I will make other discoveries". Otherwise, Miranda proposed to "pay all of it through my industry and perservance with the condition that I be the captain of the soldiers", noting "a presidio of at least thirty men to restrain the Indians" was required.</p><br>
<p>The Presidio of San Sabá commander, Capt. Diego Ortiz Parrilla, had seventy-five pounds of ore smelted, which yielded an ounce and a half of silver, prompting him to suggest the presidio be moved to Los Almagres in 1757. Yet, the destruction of Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba by the Comanches in 1758, and increased Indian depredations made the area difficult for the Spanish and location of the mines was eventually forgotten.</p><br>
<p>In 1789, five miners working the Los Almagres mines, near the Llano River, were murdered in their sleep by Lipan Apaches on their way to confront Col. Juan de Ugalde.</p><br>
<p>Stephen F. Austins replaced "Presidio of San Saba" on his 1827 map with "Silver Mines" on his 1829 edition. Austins 1831 pamphlet on Texas stated on the San Saba River, "traditions say a rich silver mine was successfully wrought many years since, until the Comanche Indians cut off the workmen."</p><br>
<p>Visiting the ruins in the 1840s, Ferdinand von Roemer noted, "According to legends still told in Texas, the Spaniards were supposed to have worked some rich silver mines here, and the old fort was supposedly erected to protect a mine nearby. We therefore first looked for smelting ovens and heaps of slag...when we failed to find any traces of either, we made examinations to determine if the geological conditions were the kind which would indicate the presence of precious metal. The presence of silver ore in unchanged, horizontal limestone and marl of the Cretaceous formation would be without precedent...it is not improbable that the changed Transition rocks, containing quartz, which appear about forty miles downstream near the mouth of the San Saba, as well as the granite rocks which appear particularly between the San Saba and Llano, contain ore, although observations on our journey did not furnish direct proof for this." On the main portal of the fort, Roemer found the following names: Padilla, 1810; Cos, 1829; Bowie (con su tropa), 1829; Moore, 1840.</p><br>
<h2>Comanches and the German Colony</h2><br>
<p>Near the fort was the site of a council meeting between Comanches chiefs and representatives of the Adelsverein, including Buffalo Hump, Santa Anna, Mope-choco-pe, and John O. Meusebach, which eventually led to the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty. "As Neighbors and his companions were traveling through the prairie, the party suddenly saw through the mesquite trees the walls of the old Spanish fort looming up in front of them..."</p><br>
<p>The Fifth Camp of Rochambeaus Infantry, also known as Site 12-25, is a historic site and an archeological site in Bolton, Connecticut, on the march route of Rochambeaus army on its way to the Hudson River and ultimately to Yorktown, Virginia. It was used on four successive nights, the 22nd through the 25th of June, 1781, by the four divisions of Rochambeau&#39;s army . In the evenings, the French entertained locals by playing music and dancing with local women, on Bolton Green.</p><br>
<p>About 1 mi before the Fifth Camp is March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Bailey Road, and about a mile before that is March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Hutchinson Road, both on the way from Andover, and both also NRHP-listed. The road to the Fifth Camp was described as "frightful". The Bourbonnais division had to bivouac without its tents, as its supply wagons were delayed on the poor roads.</p><br>
<p>It is a 13 acre site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The site is listed for its information potential. According to a study completed in 2001, the site "is an open field that retains its visual qualities, with stone walls marking the same field lines as shown on the map prepared by the French engineers. The camp was occupied for four nights in a row, one night by each regiment, in June, 1781. A large number of artifacts have been recovered to date, including numbered regimental buttons.66 caliber musket balls, period coins, and a lead bar."</p><br>
<p>The camp site was not used on the return march in 1782; the 46th camp site was at a different location in what is now Andover which was then part of Bolton.</p><br>
<p>Francis Asbury, also known as the Francis Asbury Memorial, is a public equestrian statue, by American artist Henry Augustus Lukeman, located at 16th Street and Mt. Pleasant Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>It was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian&#39;s Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This bronze sculpture features Francis Asbury seated upon his horse wearing a cape and hat. In his proper right hand he holds a bible. The horse is bending its head down to lick its left leg. The sculpture sits on a granite base (approx. 100 in. x 140 in. x 200 in.). On the proper left side of the sculpture, near the base, it is signed "Augustus Lukeman Sc 1921."</p><br>
<p>The sculpture is inscribed on the front of the base:</p><br>
<p>FRANCIS ASBURY</p><br>
<p>1745-1816</p><br>
<p>PIONEER</p><br>
<p>METHODIST BISHOP</p><br>
<p>IN AMERICA</p><br>
<p>On the left side of the base it is inscribed:</p><br>
<p>HIS CONTINUOUS JOURNEY THROUGH CITIES</p><br>
<p>VILLAGES AND SETTLEMENTS FROM 1771 TO 1816</p><br>
<p>GREATLY PROMOTED PATRIOTISM EDUCATION MORALITY</p><br>
<p>AND RELIGION IN THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC</p><br>
<p>Act of Congress</p><br>
<p>On the right side of the base it is inscribed:</p><br>
<p>IF YOU SEEK FOR THE RESULTS OF HIS LABOR</p><br>
<p>YOU WILL FIND THEM</p><br>
<p>IN OUR CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION</p><br>
<p>And on the back of the base it is inscribed:</p><br>
<p>THE PROPHET</p><br>
<p>OF THE LONG ROAD</p><br>
<h2>Design and dedication event</h2><br>
<p>During the leap year of 1919, President Woodrow Wilson and the 66th Congress of the United States gave approval to the site and location for the Francis Asbury Statue. This formal event which occurred on February 29, 1919 allowed for the newly formed Francis Asbury Memorial Foundation to begin its work to raise monies for the Francis Asbury Statue.</p><br>
<p>For design of the statue, The Francis Asbury Memorial Foundation chose Mr. Evarts Tracy. The distinguished designer from the New York architectural firm, Tracy and Swartwout, was not only a talented architect and designer, he was the great-great grandson of Roger Sherman, a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. In addition to his design architectural design experience, Mr. Evarts Tracy was commissioned years earlier to design camouflage techniques for the troops on the front line of World War I.</p><br>
<p>The design of the Francis Asbury Statue by Mr. Evarts Tracy began in the year 1919. Upon completion of the design, the Francis Asbury Memorial Foundation chose the Roman Bronze Works of New York to build the equestrian memorial. In 1921, the Roman Bronze Works in turn commissioned the independent artist, Henry Augustus Lukeman to sculpt the Asbury Statue.</p><br>
<p>On October 15, 1924 at 2:30 pm, a dedication ceremony for the Francis Asbury Statue took place with several thousand people in attendance, including dignitaries from Washington D.C.</p><br>
<p>In one of the photos taken of the ceremony, President Calvin Coolidge stands at the podium, ready to give his speech containing a famous phrase about Francis Asbury, “He is entitled to rank as one of the builders of our nation.”</p><br>
<p>Another photo from the day of the dedication displays the patriotic manner in which the statue was veiled before the ceremony. Two large American flags flank either side of the statue. “The shot taken from the crowd level is a stunning depiction of Francis Asbury and the flags of his adopted country. A country in which he spent nearly his entire life leading the people of the frontier to Jesus Christ.”</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>The sculpture was founded by Roman Bronze Works in New York City.</p><br>
<h2>Condition</h2><br>
<p>This sculpture was surveyed in 1994 for its condition and was described as "well maintained."</p><br>
<p>The Sag Harbor Custom House is a historic house located in Sag Harbor, Suffolk County, New York, originally built around 1770. The Sag Harbor Custom House is best known for being the home and office of Henry Packer Dering , one of Sag Harbors first customs master and postmaster following the harbors designation as a United States Federal Port of Entry in 1789. The house has been altered and many efforts to restore it have been made throughout the years, including the house&#39;s relocation to its current site to save it from demolition. The Custom House is currently operated by Preservation Long Island and used to educate the public about the history of Sag Harbor and the Dering family.</p><br>
<h2>Sag Harbor history</h2><br>
<p>Sag Harbor is a village located in Suffolk County, Long Island, and is home to the Sag Harbor Custom House. Earliest records of Sag Harbor appear in the accounts of the Trustees of the Town of Southampton, dating back to 1707. Few inhabitants occupied Sag Harbor until the 1730s, when the number of inhabitants began to increase due to the attraction of the areas natural protected harbor. The economic life of Sag Harbor centered around maritime activities, and as coastal trading increased in the area, travelers from neighboring communities began to settle in Sag Harbor. Around 1761, the first wharf was built to support the whaling industry, serving as a catalyst for Sag Harbors growing economy. Shortly following its construction, windmills, shipyards, and warehouses opened nearby. In 1762, Sag Harbor&#39;s first ship was built, and at the start of the following decade, trade with the West Indies began.</p><br>
<p>The Revolutionary War brought Sag Harbors growth to a halt. Following the Battle of Long Island (1776), the British occupied the region until the wars end in 1783. During this period, the British took over Sag Harbor, occupying houses of residents and setting up a garrison and naval blockade on the harbor. It was only after the war ended that Sag Harbor began to slowly rebuild itself into the prospering harbor it once was. Beginning in the late 1780s, Sag Harbor began to flourish. It founded its first schoolhouse in 1786/87, its first meeting house in 1791, and established Long Islands first printed newspaper, Frothinghams Long Island Herald in 1791. Following the ratification of the United States Constitution, Sag Harbor became a Federal Port of Entry in 1789, only second in importance to New York City. The Custom House was established that same year, and the Post Office not long thereafter in 1794. Both the Custom House and the Post Office were placed under the administrative supervision of Henry Packer Dering (1763–1822).</p><br>
<h2>The Derings</h2><br>
<h3>Henry Packer Dering (1763–1822)</h3><br>
<p>Henry Packer Dering served as the first custom master of Sag Harbors Custom House beginning in 1790, following his move from his familys home on Shelter Island. Henry Packer Dering was the son of Thomas Dering (1720–1785) and Mary Sylvester. In addition to being a signer of the Continental Association (1774), Thomas Dering served as the inspector of trade and navigation at the Port of New London before the Revolutionary War. Mary Sylvester, daughter of Brinley Sylvester, inherited a large estate on Shelter Island which was then inherited by Thomas Dering when they married, making the Derings a leading family of Shelter Island. Thomas Derings devotion to the patriot cause played a role in George Washingtons appointing of Henry Packer Dering, making him the first customs master to be instated under the new Constitution. In addition to serving as custom master, Dering was also made inspector of the revenue and collector of Sag Harbor in 1791, and postmaster in 1794. He held all three offices until his death on April 30, 1822. With these jobs, Dering was responsible for weighing and gauging cargoes, hearing oaths of registry and citizenship, and overseeing statements regarding truthfulness and reliability of mail delivery. Dering also oversaw the operations of lighthouses Little Gull Island, Cedar Island, and Montauk.</p><br>
<p>Henry Packer Dering married Anna Fosdick (1769–1852) in December 1793. He purchased the Custom House, which served both as Dering&#39;s office and private residence, sometime before March 24, 1794. Henry and his wife, Anna, lived in the house with their nine children (seven of which lived to adulthood), expanding the structure as their family grew. A number of people the Derings enslaved lived in the house as well. Dering struggled financially, and on May 14, 1842, the family sold the Custom House to cover debts.</p><br>
<h3>Henry Thomas Dering (1796–1854)</h3><br>
<p>Henry Thomas Dering was the oldest son of Henry Packer Dering and Anna Dering. He succeeded his father and served as custom master from 1822 to 1829, then again between 1842 and 1845, and finally from 1846 to 1849.</p><br>
<h2>Building and Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The Custom House is a two-story, wooden shingle house located on the corner of Garden Street and Main Street in Sag Harbor. The main façade of the house features five symmetrically spaced bays with two windows flanking the uncovered front door on the first level, and five symmetrically spaced windows mirroring the ones below on the second level. The center portion of the house also has two evenly spaced chimneys, adding to the symmetrical look of the house. The house features two lean-to structures, one on the south side and one in the back. There is also an additional structure attached to the north side of the house.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The first floor of the Custom house is organized around a center stair hall located opposite the front door. A custom room and private parlor flank the center hall in the front, while a kitchen with two pantries in a lean-to, a dining room, and a rear staircase are located in the back. Connected to the custom room is another lean-to structure with an exterior entrance that originally functioned as the post office, making the entire south side of the house reserved for Derings work. The opposite side of the house features a north wing that was once a freestanding structure and was later attached to the main house. It was likely used for additional work-related purposes such as storage for food or goods related to Derings professional responsibilities. Today, the north wing serves as an apartment. Five bed chambers are located on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Alterations and restorations</h2><br>
<h3>Henry Packer Dering</h3><br>
<p>The Custom House has undergone numerous alterations since its original construction circa 1770 as a “half house” featuring three bays with a front door on the right. As initially built, the interior included a side hall, parlor, and kitchen on the first floor, with the three bed chambers, one big and two small, on the second floor. Henry Packer Dering enlarged the house to accommodate his growing family. In 1794, he added a lean-to structure on the south side to serve as the post office. A year later, the building underwent a two-story addition. This extension included a new front parlor, a formal dining space, additional kitchen space in the rear, and bed chambers on the second floor. The ceiling was also raised in the first-floor addition. Lastly, the north wing of the house, which was once a freestanding structure, was attached to the main house, providing additional work and storage space.</p><br>
<h3>The Old Sagg-Harbour Committee and SPLIA</h3><br>
<p>Interest in the preservation of the Custom House emerged in 1944 when it caught the attention of Henry Triglar Weeks, founder of the Old Sagg-Harbour Committee, an organization devoted to finding, saving, and restoring old buildings in the Sag Harbor area. As the Custom House faced demolition, Weeks worked to save it, recruiting architects like Talbot Hamlin to express their support for its preservation. Finally in 1948, Weeks facilitated the gifting of the Custom House from St. Andrews Church to former Governor Charles Edisons Argonaut Enterprises. Edison provided the land for the Custom Houses relocation as well as the funds to dig and build a new foundation. The house was subsequently moved from the corner of Church and Union Street to where it currently stands at the corner of Garden Street and Main Street. In 1955, the Old Sagg Harbour Committee became a non-profit museum and assumed ownership of the Custom House from Argonaut Enterprises, Inc. However, the organization struggled to raise the funds necessary to restore the Custom House in the way they envisioned. On May 2, 1966, the Custom House was given to The Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities (SPLIA), now Preservation Long Island.</p><br>
<p>From 1969 to 1972, SPLIA engaged in a major effort to restore, research, and interpret the Custom House. During this time, paint samples were evaluated, wallpaper samples were dated, and various interior restorations were made. Historian Loring McMillen played an important role in this process, recommending the house be interpreted to the period of 1794 to 1810. In 1792, the Custom House reopened for public tours.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The Custom House is owned and stewarded by Preservation Long Island. In addition to giving tours, Preservation Long Island also holds on-site educational programs that explore maritime trade and the role of custom houses in the early United States.</p><br>
<p>The John H. Barker Mansion is a historic home located in Michigan City, LaPorte County, Indiana.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house was built in 1857 and is a two-story, brick structure that now serves as the rear wing. Between 1905 and 1909, the main block was constructed. The main house is a -story, maroon brick with limestone trim designed as an English Manor house, with 38 rooms, 10 bathrooms, and seven fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is located in the Haskell and Barker Historic District.</p><br>
<h3>John H. Barker</h3><br>
<p>In 1836, at the age of 22, John Barker Sr. (1814-1878) arrived in Indiana from Andover, Massachusetts, looking for new business opportunities. He began as a general merchant, expanded into grain brokerage, before opening a commission house to receive and forward merchandise from ships on the lakes. During this time, he married Cordelia G. Collamer (1818-1894) and raised a family. Two children survived him, daughter, Anna, and son, John H. Barker (1844-1910).</p><br>
<p>Seeing the potential of railroads, he bought an interest in the manufacture of freight cars. Shortly after his purchase in 1855, the company was renamed Haskell & Barker Car Co. The onset of the American Civil War helped the business prosper through government contracts. As the Car Company prospered, Michigan City prospered. When he retired in 1869, his son left Chicago to return as the general manager of the company. Upon Barker Jr.&#39;s death in 1910, the Car Company was prospering such that he was worth an estimated fifty to sixty million dollars. In 1922, "Haskell & Barker" merged with the Pullman Company, and was then known as Pullman-Standard, a division of Pullman, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The LeClaire Park Bandshell, also known as the W.D. Petersen Memorial Music Pavilion, is located on Beiderbecke Drive in LeClaire Park, Davenport, Iowa. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Starting in 1911 the city of Davenport started two decades of improvement to the riverfront under the leadership of Alfred Mueller, who was the mayor, and William D. Petersen. The Levee Improvement Commission, which is responsible for developing the city&#39;s riverfront, was started the same year. LeClaire Park was extensively improved by the commission between the years 1912 and 1914. Their aim was to maintain a riverfront that balanced commercial, industrial and recreational uses. The music pavilion, named for Petersen, was part of their beautification efforts and built in 1924. Because Davenport had a large and musically inclined German population, the city had band shells located in Fejervary, Vander Veer, and Schuetzen parks as well. This is the only one that remains. Its dedication in 1924 makes this structure, along with the East Park Band Shell in Mason City built the same year, the two oldest band shells in Iowa.</p><br>
<p>The music pavilion continues to host various public events throughout the year. The Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival, Mississippi Valley Blues Festival and the Quad City Symphony Orchestra’s Riverfront Pops Concert are annual events. President George W. Bush spoke from the pavilion when he ran for reelection in 2004, as did Senator Barack Obama in 2007 when he ran for the presidency before the 2008 Iowa Caucuses.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The pavilion was designed by Rudolph Clausen from the architectural firm of Clausen & Kruse. The firm also designed other historic buildings in Davenport including the Democrat Building, the Forrest Block, Scott County Savings Bank, The Linograph Company Building, and the Davenport Municipal Stadium (now known as Modern Woodmen Park). The music pavilion is located just to the east of the stadium along the riverfront. The inspiration for the pavilion was Harrison Albright&#39;s Spreckels Music Pavilion (1915) that was built for the Panama–California Exposition at Balboa Park in San Diego. While less decorative, it follows the same basic form and massing as the Spreckels, with flame finials, and a concentration of Baroque detail at the cornice and side openings. They differ in that the proscenium arch and the side pavilions are simpler in design.</p><br>
<p>The music pavilion is a concrete structure built on a raised stone podium. It is rectangular in shape with a peaked roof which levels out to the north and south walls. The structure features distinctive ornamental details, Corinthian columns with twisted-rope shafts, minaret-shaped pinnacles, iron-grated windows, and side niches. There is complex decorative pattern work at the roofline. Many of the decorative details are finished in bold colors of blue, green, and gold, which contrast with the neutral color of the stone. The pavilion&#39;s facade faces to the east where an outdoor seating area, set on a concrete slab, is located. To the north of the pavilion is the bust of Davenport native Bix Beiderbecke, a prominent jazz musician in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The West Side Historic District is a set of ninety-eight buildings on the west side of the Fox River in Aurora, Illinois. Of these, seventy-seven contribute to the historical value of the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Aurora was platted by Samuel and Joseph McCarty in 1835. Aurora was a popular destination for settlers from the eastern United States due to its proximity to Chicago yet scenic atmosphere. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad relocated its headquarters to Aurora in 1855. Expecting a rise in population due to the railroad&#39;s employment opportunities, Aurora platted a new residential section of land west of the Fox River. Aurora indeed expanded rapidly during that period, almost doubling in population from 1860 to 1874. Most of the new lands were along the river, with a section following several streets westward. Industrial growth followed in the 1880s, spurring a need for developed city services. Aurora became the first city to have electric street lighting in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The west side was originally noted for its wide range of Italianate residences. Two large apartment buildings were built along Downer Place between 1882 and 1890. As construction in the district continued in the 1890s, Queen Anne became the dominant architectural style. Smaller houses were built in the Foursquare style, some with Prairie School influences.</p><br>
<p>The west side district was the homestead for wealthy Aurora citizens throughout its history. Local pharmacist David Hurd owned a Second Empire home, constructed in 1856 and now recognized as an Aurora Landmark. Aurora mayor Fred O. White designed a Queen Anne residence that was completed after his death by his wife. White&#39;s sisters-in-law, Mary and Emma Todd, moved in shortly afterward. William Jobbins was the president of Alba Manufacturing Co. and lived in a 1909 Colonial Revival residence. The Col. Ira C. Copley Mansion was constructed for Ira Clifton Copley, founder of the Copley Press and later member of the USA House of Representatives from 1911 to 1923. His house was designed by Jarvis Hunt and constructed in 1917.</p><br>
<p>The Colonel Ira C. Copley Mansion, is a historic residence in Aurora, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1917 for Col. Ira Clifton Copley, the founder of Copley Press and a member of the USA House of Representatives. Designed by architect Jarvis Hunt, the building was completed in 1917 in a blend of Classical Revival and Federal Style trends. It was individually recognized on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and is part of the West Side Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Ira C. Copley&#39;s mansion was designed in 1906 by Jarvis Hunt, an architect from Chicago and finally completed in 1917. It is predominantly of Classical Revival design, but has many Federal Style features. The mansion is three stories tall and shaped like an "L". An ionic portico features on all sides, creating a porch that can be accessed from the ballroom. Consistent with Federal details, it has balustrades over the eaves. The main roof is hipped with a flat roof over the wings. A twin chimney emerges from the west side of the roof. The main entrance has slender pilasters and an elliptical fanlight between narrow sidelights. The exterior walls are Roman brick in a Flemish bond. The rear features a Palladian window with the lunette used to illuminate the third floor. The ballroom was located under the hipped portion of the roof.</p><br>
<p>The Fidelity Building is an office building in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Initially constructed in 1871 for the wholesale firm Cowan, McClung and Company, the building underwent an exterior renovation and was converted to Fidelity-Bankers Trust Company in 1929 and has since been renovated for use as office space. In 1984, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture and its role in Knoxville&#39;s late-nineteenth century wholesaling industry.</p><br>
<p>Cowan, McClung and Company was formed in 1858 by Knoxville merchants James H. Cowan, Perez Dickinson, and several members of the McClung family. During the years following the Civil War, the company became one of the most profitable in Tennessee as Knoxvilles wholesaling market grew exponentially. The company erected its four-story headquarters on Gay Streets 500-block in 1871, and occupied the building until 1919. Another wholesale firm, Anderson-Dulin-Varnell, operated out of the building until 1929. The Fidelity-Bankers Trust Company occupied the building from 1929 until 1964.</p><br>
<p>The Fidelity Building is currently the headquarters of the wholesale grocery company, H. T. Hackney. In May 2011, the company announced plans to open a grocery store on the building&#39;s ground floor.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Fidelity Building is a four-story, three-bay brick building originally constructed in 1871, and extensively remodeled in 1929. The building was originally designed in an Italianate style, and contained a central pediment and balustrade, and storefronts flanked by Corinthian columns. In 1929, the architectural firm Baumann and Baumann remodeled the building, and the pediment, balustrade, and exterior Corinthian columns were removed.</p><br>
<p>The buildings first-story Gay Street facade, which reflects the 1929 remodeling, consists of an ashlar veneer, with a recessed entrance topped by an eagle-and-garland frieze. The rear of the building is largely unaltered from its 1871 design, the exception being a one-story addition added in the early 1980s. The buildings interior, which also reflects the 1929 remodeling, includes a central hall with gray marble walls and floors, and square Corinthian columns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Cowan, McClung and Company</h3><br>
<p>Cowan, McClung and Company was formed in 1858 by the merger of two Knoxville wholesalers&ndash; Cowan and Dickinson, operated by James Cowan (1801&ndash;1871) and Perez Dickinson (1813&ndash;1901), and McClung, Wallace and Company, operated by the McClung family. Cowan was a nephew of Nathaniel and Samuel Cowan, who had opened Knoxville&#39;s first general store in 1792, and was a stepson of Thomas Humes, who had established the Lamar House Hotel in 1816. In 1820, Cowan opened his first store, located at the corner of Gay and Main, using money he had borrowed from his mother.</p><br>
<p>In 1832, Cowan formed a partnership with Dickinson, a Massachusetts-born professor who had moved to Knoxville several years earlier to teach at East Tennessee University. Cowan and Dickinson built a larger, two-story store, and in subsequent years, the corner of Gay and Main became known as "Dickinsons Corner." The McClung family, descendants of Knoxville surveyor Charles McClung, had been active in Knoxvilles wholesale trade since 1816, and by 1850, the family controlled two major Knoxville wholesaling firms, C. M. McClung and Company and McClung, Wallace and Company.</p><br>
<p>As the nexus of the relatively isolated farming communities of East Tennessee and the great manufacturing centers of the eastern United States, Knoxville grew into a wholesaling mecca in the years following the Civil War. By 1866, Cowan, McClung and Company, the state&#39;s leading wholesaler, was generating more tax revenue than other firm in the state. The company built its new four-story warehouse and store at the corner of Union and Gay in 1871, and within three years, the company was earning $2 million annually.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>Cowan, McClung and Company closed in 1919, and another wholesaler, Anderson-Dulin-Varnell, moved into the building at the corner of Union and Gay. During the 1920s, Anderson-Dulin-Varnell, which operated the nearby Millers Department Store, was one of Knoxville most successful retailers. In 1929, the Fidelity-Bankers Trust Company, one of Knoxvilles leading financial institutions, became the building&#39;s third occupant. Fidelity operated out of the building until 1964, when it merged with Tennessee Valley Bank and moved to a new building on Market Street.</p><br>
<p>The Fidelity Building is currently the headquarters of the H.T. Hackney Company, which bills itself as one of the nations largest wholesale grocery distributors. The company has operated a small convenience store in the lower south section of the building for several years. In May 2011, the company announced plans to expand the convenience store into a full-scale grocery, in partnership with Maryville-based retailer, The Market. Since 2006, the University of Tennessees Knoxville Downtown Studio has operated out of the northern half of the building&#39;s first floor.</p><br>
<p>Healy Chapel is a historic mortuary in Aurora, Illinois. It was designed by George Grant Elmslie and is one of only a few Prairie School buildings designed for commercial purposes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William H. Healy moved from Yorkville, Illinois to Aurora in 1891. He opened "Healy and Blair", a furniture store that doubled as a mortuary. His brother, Arthur N. Healy, joined him in a new partnership in 1901 and they moved into a new building at 50 W Downer Place. Focusing almost exclusively on undertaking, the firm was officially incorporated in 1919. Increased demand for their services led to the need for a new building.</p><br>
<p>The Healy Chapel is one of only a few commercial buildings built in the Prairie School style. It was designed by George Grant Elmslie, a renowned architect who worked with Louis Sullivan. Like most Prairie School buildings, there is a strong emphasis on horizontal designs on the exterior. The three-story building features beige stucco along the third floor. A line of orange-glazed terracotta separates the stucco from the brick lower levels.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed down the street from the old practice, at 332 W. Downer Place, and cost $100,000. The Healys were the first to bring hearse service to Aurora, and the Healy Chapel is recognized as the first building in the state exclusively used as a mortuary. It is located in the West Side Historic District, but is listed as a non-contributing property. It remains family-owned and continues to operate.</p><br>
<p>The Galena Hotel, originally known as the Fox River House, is a historic hotel in Aurora, Illinois. It is the oldest hotel still standing in the city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the 1850s, Aurora was a major manufacturing and milling center in the Fox River valley. The Galena–Chicago trail, which carried stagecoaches from Chicago to northwestern Illinois, passed through town and provided a means of commerce. The first Fox River House was constructed in 1857 along this road for A. N. and G. Pierce. A fire destroyed the hotel in 1860. E. D. Huntoon purchased the vacant lot two years later to rebuild the hotel. The hotel was known as an important local gathering place. Huntoon ran the hotel for twenty-six years until selling it.</p><br>
<p>The new owner renamed the hotel the Northwestern Hotel in 1888. It was renamed to the Grand Hotel when sold to a Mrs. Jones in 1907. The Koummoutseas family purchased the hotel in 1961 and again renamed it the Galena Hotel. It is the oldest hotel still standing in Aurora. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The structure is four stories tall plus a basement. The brick and limestone were locally fired and mined. Only the fourth floor remains consistent with the original design for the hotel, but little change has occurred on the exterior of the building.</p><br>
<p>This hotel was purchased by Nawab Khurram Khan and Dr. Shuja ul-Mulk in 1997 from Besey Koummoutseas.</p><br>
<p>The Mellus Newspapers Building was a commercial building at 1661 Fort Street in Lincoln Park, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1933, William S. Mellus founded the Lincoln Parker, a newspaper serving the city of Lincoln Park. As the population of Lincoln Park grew, Mellus eventually needed more space, and in 1941 he constructed this building on Fort Street. In the 1950s, a two-story addition was constructed in the rear of the building, enlarging the space to 4,080 ft&sup2;. Mellus also expanded operations into the next-door Pollack Jewellery Building. Mellus sold his newspaper chain to Panax Corp. in the early 1970s. The company remained in the building until 1986, when it merged with Heritage Newspapers. The building was sold by the Mellus family in 1994.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the Mellus and the next-door Pollack were purchased by the Lincoln Park Downtown Development Authority for $93,000. The Mellus Building was demolished in May 2010; a small park is planned for the lot.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mellus Newspapers Building had simple but distinguishing Art Deco characteristics exemplifying the application of these to a small commercial building. The front facade was covered with white porcelain enamel panels, and the entryway was framed with curved glass block sections. Six steel casement windows faced the front.</p><br>
<p>The Fallsington Historic District is a historic district in Fallsington, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s history spans over 300 years. While William Penn resided at nearby Pennsbury Manor, he attended Friends meeting in Fallsington. The center of the district is Meetinghouse Square, where the first meetinghouse was built in 1690. The third meetinghouse, built in 1790, is currently used as a community center, the William Penn Center. The fourth meetinghouse on the square, built in 1841, still operates as a place of worship for Quakers.</p><br>
<p>Historic Falsington offers tours of the district, including the interiors of three preserved buildings: the Moon-Williamson Log House, Burges-Lippincott House, and the Stagecoach Tavern.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It comprises 62 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing objects.</p><br>
<h2>Quaker meeting houses</h2><br>
<p>The first meeting house in the district was built in 1690. Its site is marked by a bronze tablet erected in 1933. The second meeting house in the district was built in 1728. It is known as the Grambrel Roof House. After the third meeting house was built, the Gambrel Roof House was used as a school and later was converted into an apartment building with five apartments. It is three stories constructed of stone.</p><br>
<p>The third meeting house was constructed in 1789 and is now used as a community center called the William Penn Center. In 1841 a fourth meeting house was built to the north of the Gambrel Roof House. This is the meeting house currently in use.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Brethren, also known as the St. Vrain Church of the Brethren and the Old Dunkard Church, is an historic Church of the Brethren meeting house located on Hygiene Road  in Hygiene in the St. Vrain Valley of Boulder County, Colorado. In 1874, formal organization of the Church of the Brethren was held at the ranch home of Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Ullery led by the itinerant preacher, James R. Gish.</p><br>
<p>The first influx of Brethren came to Colorado from Iowa, settling south of Hygiene in Pella, Colorado. Rev. Jacob S. Flory left Greeley, Colorado with his wife and eight children to carry on the work of the church.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, land was donated for the church. In 1880, the building was erected of rough cut stone, which came from Lyons and was laid in courses of unequal thickness. The total cost of construction, including donated labor, was $2,000. The Hygiene Cemetery surrounded the church, with the original Pella Cemetery lying to the south. Church services were suspended in 1907.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the church building and the land surrounding it were added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2004, the Hygiene Dunkard Church was awarded Landmark status in Boulder County.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the church was deeded to the Hygiene Cemetery Association, which began the work of restoring it. It is the oldest Brethren church still standing in Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The William A. Wittmer Lustron House, also known as the Majorie Hiorth Lustron House, is a Westchester Deluxe plan Luston house located at 19 Dubois Avenue in the borough of Alpine in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1949 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 25, 2000, for its significance in architecture and industry. It was listed as part of the Lustrons in New Jersey Multiple Property Submission , one of three originally located in the county.</p><br>
<p>Lustron houses were constructed using prefabricated porcelain enameled steel. William A. Wittmer, an engineer, purchased the house in 1949. Marjorie Hiorth purchased it in 1967.</p><br>
<p>Tunis R. Cooper House is located in Bergenfield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1802 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The house is named after Tunis R. Cooper, a tycoon who made chairs in a factory located on the same property. The borough acquired the building sometime after 2002. It included a preservation easement stating it was to be used as a museum and now houses Bergenfield Museum Society.</p><br>
<p>TUNIS RICHARD COOPER HOUSE, SAW MILL, BERGENFIELD, BERGEN COUNTY.jpgSaw mill on the property</p><br>
<p>The Haring–Vervalen House was located at 200 Tappan Road in the borough of Norwood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was built around 1757 based on history and architectural evidence. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission . It was demolished in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Peter Haring bought 236 acre here in 1721. He sold the property to his son, Abraham Haring, in 1738. His son, Peter Haring, inherited it. He married Catharina Blauvelt in 1757 and likely built the house then. Henry Vervalen bought the property in 1819.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln the Lawyer, also known as The Young Circuit Lawyer, Young Lincoln or simply Abraham Lincoln, is a Lorado Taft sculpture now located on the 1000 block of Race Street, Urbana, Illinois, across from Urbana High School in Carle Park. The statue was dedicated by Taft on July 3, 1927. It was moved to the eastern entrance of Carle Park on December 4, 1927, when it was first placed on a pedestal facing due east. Taft requested a slightly different placement, facing southeast, and the statue was moved about 20 feet north to the present site in December 1955. It was restored in 2003, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 10, 2004.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln had ridden as a circuit lawyer on the 8th Judicial Circuit through Urbana from 1837 to 1848. The statue was paid for by a bequest of Mrs. J.O. Cunningham who, with her husband, had been friends of Lincoln since his time as a circuit lawyer. The bequest of $10,000 was funded by the sale of her house on nearby Green Street. This amount was less than half of Taft&#39;s usual commission for work in bronze, but he may have accepted the commission because of his close ties to the community. He had been raised in nearby Champaign.</p><br>
<p>The South Park Community Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 600 Hathaway Street in Fairplay, Park County, Colorado. Built in 1874, the church was founded by Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson. Its board and batten siding and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic churches. Originally the Sheldon Jackson Memorial Chapel, the structure is now the South Park Community  Church.</p><br>
<p>On November 22, 1977, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Herndon Depot Museum, also known as the Herndon Historical Society Museum, is located in the town of Herndon in Fairfax County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1857 for the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, the depot later served the Richmond and Danville Railroad, the Southern Railway and the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad. In 1875, the original shed was replaced with the current depot.</p><br>
<p>The structure is located at 717 Lynn Street, at the intersection of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and Station Street, north of Elden Street (signed nearby as Virginia State Routes 228 and 606). The building is adjacent to Town Hall Square, which contains the Herndon Town Hall, built in 1939 as a Works Progress Administration project to house all of the Town&#39;s administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>The museum houses railroad memorabilia, information on United States Navy Commander William Lewis Herndon, for whom the town was named, and artifacts from the, from World War II, and from local residents. Website contains a video that shows the interior and exterior of the depot museum. The Herndon Historical Society operates the museum.</p><br>
<p>The depot was the site of a raid that Confederate Army Captain John S. Mosby led on St. Patrick&#39;s day in March 1863. Mosby and his men surprised the Union Army picket guarding the station and captured officers, soldiers and horses with no Confederate casualties.</p><br>
<p>The railroad was an integral part of Herndon&#39;s agricultural history as large dairy farms surrounded the village. Farmers would ship milk on the railroad daily to Washington for processing and distribution. The railroad station became a center of the community. Businesses sprang up around the station, attracted by the ready access to transportation. The depot and its potbellied stove also served as a central meeting place for Herndon citizens. It was in the depot that the name for Herndon was chosen.</p><br>
<p>With the advent of cars, trucks and better roads, the railroad became less of a necessity for Herndon farmers and residents. The last passenger train rolled through in 1952 turning the depot into a place to unload freight. The last major assignment for the railway was hauling sand to be used in the concrete mix for runways at Washington Dulles International Airport. The railroad and the depot closed in August 1968.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, business owners wanted the depot torn down, calling it an eyesore, and VEPCO - who owned it - saw it as a fire hazard and was inclined to raze it; but after local historical associations argued to save it and service groups promised to work on it, it was saved. In 1970, the Herndon Historical Society was organized and began restoration of the depot, which was completed in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The depot building is a rectangular, one-story wooden vertical board and batten structure, measuring 70.5 x. Victorian style buttresses under the eaves are the building&#39;s only decorative feature. The window and door framings and the two baggage doors are original, as are the semaphore and several pieces of hardware.</p><br>
<p>The Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior added the building to the National Register of Historic Places on June 18, 1979. The building&#39;s site is marked as part of the Virginia Civil War Trails Program.</p><br>
<p>St. Elmo is a historic residence on the National Register of Historic Places, located in MidTown Columbus, Georgia at 2808 18th Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Seaborn Jones drew all the plans for his home and called it El Dorado, land of beauty. The house was begun in 1828 and completed in 1833. The materials used to build this house, with the exception of the marble and the mahogany, were taken from the property itself. A small lake now fills the place where the clay was removed. To this El Dorado, Colonel Seaborn Jones brought his wife and children, a daughter and a son, in 1833. In 1833, Henry L. Benning, an aspiring young lawyer, wrote a friend: "Above all things (I advise if you desire ease and happiness) marry. Marry a lady of accomplishment, i.e. worth $100,000. It will be better than quibbling. I am anxious to experiment at least." In 1839, Benning, for whom Fort Benning is named, married Colonel Seaborn Jones&#39;s daughter.</p><br>
<p>Many historic personages were entertained at El Dorado among them were President Millard Fillmore, President James K. Polk, Henry Clay, General Winfield Scott, and Edwin Booth. Also, here Mrs. Jones&#39;s niece, Augusta Jane Evans Wilson, finished her celebrated novel, St. Elmo. In 1878, the home was purchased by Captain and Mrs. James J. Slade who changed its name to St. Elmo in honor of the novel which it had inspired.</p><br>
<h2>Fire</h2><br>
<p>At approximately 2:00 p.m. on October 5, 2011, a fire broke out in the basement wine cellar of St. Elmo. Apparently started by a single candle, the fire did extensive damage to the structure, but was repaired.</p><br>
<p>The Claysville "S" Bridge is a historic S bridge in Washington County, Pennsylvania. The bridge is made of stone and was a part of the Cumberland Road  and helped transport wagons and stagecoaches amid the American westward expansion in the early 19th century. It passes over Buffalo Creek.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker noting the historic importance of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Holston is a condominium high-rise located at 531 South Gay Street in Knoxville, Tennessee. Completed in 1913 as the headquarters for the Holston National Bank, the 14-story building was the tallest in Knoxville until the construction in the late 1920s of the Andrew Johnson Hotel, located a few blocks away. The Holston was designed by architect John Kevan Peebles and today represents the city&#39;s only Neoclassical Revival-style high rise. In 1979, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture and its prominent position in the Knoxville skyline.</p><br>
<p>Founded in 1890, Holston National Bank had grown to become one of Knoxvilles three largest banks by 1913, when it built the first twelve stories of the Holston building. The 13th and 14th stories were added in 1928 after Holston National merged with Union National to create Knoxvilles largest bank, Holston-Union. The bank failed in 1930 during the onset of the Great Depression, however, and was replaced the following year by the Hamilton National Bank of Knoxville. Over the next four decades, Hamilton National remained Knoxvilles largest bank, at times controlling over half of the citys banking resources. Hamilton National was seized by Jake Butcher&#39;s United American Bank in 1975 following a bid war, and the bank moved its headquarters to the nearby Plaza Tower in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Holston is a 14-story building that stands on a 50 ft x 140 ft lot at the northwest corner of Gay Street and Clinch Avenue. Most of the building is built with buff yellow brick, with the exception of the first three stories of the Gay Street and Clinch Avenue facades, which are sheathed in Tennessee marble. The first two stories of the Gay Street facade are slightly recessed, with four Ionic columns spanning the recess, and a central entrance topped by a pediment and the Roman numerals MDCCCCXII ("1912"). The entrance and the first-floor windows are decorated with rosettes.</p><br>
<p>The buildings Clinch Avenue facade contains a row of Ionic pilasters which support an entablature adorned with triglyphs and metopes. The roof of the building is surrounded by an overhanging heavy metal cornice, which was part of the buildings 1913 design and was raised to its present position in 1928 when the 13th and 14th stories were added in 1928. The edges of the cornice were originally decorated with acroterions, but these were later removed. A sculptured frieze spans the building&#39;s Gay Street and Clinch Avenue facades between the eleventh and twelfth floors.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the Holston, although heavily renovated in 1977, still contains several original elements. The entrance foyer has a vaulted ceiling with plaster rosettes, and a frieze decorated with triglyphs and metopes. The lobby originally contained Greek and Art Deco motifs, but these were removed during the 1977 renovation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Holston National Bank was initially founded as a state-chartered bank, the Holston Banking and Trust Company, on January 17, 1890. The following year, after accumulating $100,000 of paid-in capital, the bank acquired a national charter, and reorganized as the Holston National Bank. H. M. Aiken served as the bank&#39;s first president, and was replaced by Hugh McClung in 1897. In 1900, the bank reported $100,000 in capital, $20,000 in surplus, and $250,000 in deposits, while maintaining $260,000 in loans.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, Holston National initiated construction of its new headquarters at 531 South Gay. The Holston building was designed by Norfolk, Virginia, architect John Kevan Peebles, and was built by the George A. Fuller Company of New York. The Knoxville-based Fenton Construction Company was responsible for the buildings marblework, and the Nashville-based Edgefield and Nashville Manufacturing Company did the interior woodwork. The building, which opened on June 16, 1913, surpassed the Burwell (located on the opposite corner of Gay and Clinch) as Knoxvilles tallest building.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, Holston National Bank merged with Union National Bank to form Holston-Union National. The banks $16 million in assets made it by far Knoxvilles largest bank. That same year, Holston&#39;s long-time president, Joseph Gaut, stepped down, and was replaced by former Union National cashier J. Basil Ramsey.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, the Hamilton National Bank of Knoxville opened in the Holston building as a replacement for Holston-Union. Led by president Charles Preston (whose brother, president of the Hamilton National Bank of Chattanooga, had helped organize the bank), the bank worked hard to regain the trust of Knoxvillians, many of whom had grown suspicious of banks, by ensuring that its reserves were greater than its outstanding loans. In 1940, Hamilton National controlled over half of Knoxvilles banking reserves and remained the citys largest bank into the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>In late 1974, Dean Moses, president of the Memphis-based Transcom and Financial, Ltd., and Jake Butcher, president of United American Bank, both tried to seize majority control of Hamilton National Bank, igniting a bid war that caused the banks stock price to skyrocket. In February 1975, Moses refused to match Butchers offer of $307 per share, and on February 19, Hamilton and United American merged. The new bank built the 27-story Plaza Tower a few blocks away for its headquarters but continued to operate a branch in the Holston. Butcher&#39;s banking empire collapsed in 1983 after he was charged with bank fraud.</p><br>
<p>During the 21st century, developer Dewhirst Properties converted the Holston into a luxury condominium high-rise. In 2008, a condominium in the Holston became the first in Knoxville to sell for over $1 million.</p><br>
<p>The Luther Monument is a public artwork located in front of Luther Place Memorial Church in Washington, D.C., United States. The monument to Martin Luther, the theologian and Protestant Reformer, is a bronze, full-length portrait. It is a copy of the statue created by Ernst Friedrich August Rietschel as part of the 1868 Luther Monument in Worms, Germany. The version in Washington, D.C., inspired the installation of many other castings across the USA The statue is a contributing property to the Luther Place Memorial Church&#39;s listing on the National Register of Historic Places  and District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites . It is also a contributing property to the Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District, which is also listed on the NRHP and DCIHS.</p><br>
<p>The plan to erect a statue began in 1883. A group of interested people formed an association and began a fundraising effort. The total cost of the statue and granite pedestal, designed by Adolf Cluss and Paul Schulze, was $9,000. It was hoped the statue would be ready for 400th anniversary of Luther&#39;s birth, but the project was not ready until 1884. The dedication ceremony was attended by thousands of onlookers and invited guests. A parade of German American societies also took place through downtown, ending at the church. The name of the church had been Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church of Washington, D.C., but after the statue was installed, it was later nicknamed and then formally renamed to the current Luther Place Memorial Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Memorial plan</h3><br>
<p>The idea for erecting a statue in honor of Martin Luther, who was responsible for the Protestant Reformation and Lutheranism, was first mentioned by Charles A. Schieru of New York. Schieru told a reporter from the Lutheran Observer, whose bureau was in Washington, D.C., and the idea soon spread amongst Lutheran pastors throughout the area. An association was formed to erect a statue. On Valentine&#39;s Day, 1883, an image of the proposed statue was printed in Lutheran newspapers. The Luther Place Memorial Church, then named the Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church of Washington, D.C., suggested the statue be placed in front of its church. Donations soon arrived, and by April 1883, the association had enough funds to erect the statue. The total cost for the statue was approximately $5,000, and the pedestal was $4,000.</p><br>
<p>Many people submitted designs for the statues pedestal, and the architects chosen were Adolf Cluss and Paul Schulze. A.H. Jouvenal was chosen to construct the pedestal. The statue chosen to erect in Washington, D.C., was a copy of the Luther Monument in Worms, Germany. The replica was created in Lauchhammer, Prussia, and shipped to the USA It was then delivered from New York City to Washington, D.C., via the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. The original plans were for the statue to be dedicated on the 400th anniversary of Luthers birth, November 10, 1883, but the unveiling was delayed until 1884.</p><br>
<h3>Dedication</h3><br>
<p>The night before the unveiling and dedication, there was a meeting at the church of the many guests of honors and members of the committee involved with the statues installation. Another meeting took place the following morning, May 21, 1884, which was conducted in German. Attendees included the pastor, members of the statue association, and other pastors. The churchs pastor read Psalm 46 followed by the singing of Now Thank We All Our God by the choir of St. Johns Church. One of Luthers songs, A Mighty Fortress Is Our God, was sung in German ("Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott"). After that morning&#39;s event, crowds gathered to watch the unveiling ceremony. A parade composed of people from German American organizations took place, ending at the church. The group included 200 members of the Martin Luther Association, and many pastors, both local and from nearby states. A temporary platform had been built around the statue, with around 1,200 people in the stands. Dignitaries, including Supreme Court Justice Samuel Freeman Miller, were seated on a stage in front of the statue, which was draped with the USA flag.</p><br>
<p>The unveiling event began with the United States Marine Band playing The Creation. This was followed by a prayer and a speech about the statue&#39;s history, before the band played Organ Sonata. USA Senator Omar D. Conger and other gave additional speeches before the band played A Mighty Fortress Is Our God and the unveiling took place. The event ended with a prayer, and a reception took place that evening.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>Luther Place Memorial Church received its commonly known name after the Luther statue was installed. Before that, it was Memorial English Lutheran Church and then the Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church of Washington, D.C. The "memorial" in the church&#39;s name was chosen because the congregation was founded not long after the Civil War, and it was a way for the church to celebrate the end of the conflict and the end of slavery. After the statue was installed in Washington, D.C., there were many other replicas of the statue installed throughout the country.</p><br>
<p>On November 8, 1964, the church was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (DCIHS). The statue is a contributing property to the church&#39;s listing. On July 16, 1973, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The statue and church were designated as contributing properties to the Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District, listed on the DCIHS on August 22, 1994, and the NRHP on November 9, 1994. The statue and church were two of many local landmarks that were vandalized with paint and feces in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Location and design</h2><br>
<p>The statue is located on Square 244, a triangular lot bounded by 14th Street, N Street, Thomas Circle, and Vermont Avenue NW. The statue is on the front yard of the churchs property with the facades tower in the background.</p><br>
<p>The bronze statue of Luther is 11.5-feet (3.5 m) tall. The granite pedestal it rests on is 14-feet (4.3 m) tall and its diameter is 11.5 feet. Luther is depicted not as a monk, but as a preacher, wearing a long robe. His right leg is forward from his body. He is holding a Bible with his left hand and has his right fist resting on the book. He is looking up slightly, appearing defiant, and his curly hair partly covers his face. The setting for the statue was his excommunication trial at the Diet of Worms in 1521. The pedestal is composed of three tiers. It contains a copper box with a Bible, documents on Luther and the statue, and other papers. The box was hermetically sealed inside the pedestal in 1884.</p><br>
<p>Inscriptions on the monument include "MARTIN LUTHER" on the front of the statue and the German inscription "E. RIETSCHEL FACIT. GEGOSSEN LAUCHHAMMER 1884" on the rear side.</p><br>
<p>The Godfrey M. Bockius House  is an Italianate—Victorian style house in a historic district</p><br>
<p>in Watsonville, California. It was built in 1870 by Judge Godfrey M. Bockius, and was inhabited later by descendant Frank F. Orr, former editor of the Register-Pajaronian. Today the historical district contains the house itself, headquarters of the Pajaro Valley Historical Association and on the National Register of Historic Places, along with the Volck Museum and Alzora Snyder Archive.</p><br>
<h2>Godfrey M. Bockius</h2><br>
<p>Judge Bockius was one of the prominent early leaders in the development of agriculture in the Pajaro Valley and in city government and commerce in the City of Watsonville. He was a judge in Santa Cruz County, California from 1858 to 1862. In 1868, Watsonville was incorporated and Judge Bockius served as chairman of the first Board of Trustees of the city. In 1871, he was elected to the California State Assembly.</p><br>
<h2>Frank F. Orr</h2><br>
<p>Frank Orr, the last of four generations to inhabit the house, was editor of the Register Pajaronian newspaper which won a 1956 Pulitzer Prize in Public Service for his and others investigative reporting into a corrupt County District Attorneys involvement in gambling. The Alzora Snyder Archive includes numerous formerly classified photos from Mr. Orrs collection gathered during his service as Director of Still Picture Operations in the US Army Signal Corps during World War II, where he obtained the rank of captain.</p><br>
<p>The LaSalle Street Auto Row Historic District is a set of fifteen buildings in Aurora, Illinois. The buildings reflect the growth of automobile retail in Aurora in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As demand for automobiles grew, dealerships opened to more easily provide consumers with product. Originally reserved for the rich, automobiles became a reality for middle-class families in the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>The first major concentration of automobile dealerships was on Broadway Street. As commercial demand increased for land on the street, the automakers moved their dealerships to cheaper land one block east, to LaSalle Street. The LaSalle Street Auto Row was still in the heart of the city, a trend typical of cities at the time.</p><br>
<p>The first commercial structure related to automobile retail was the Coates Garage at 52-54 S. LaSalle. By 1912, the street was already strongly associated with automobile retail. Between 1912 and 1921, LaSalle Street saw an increase of three automobile businesses to fifteen. Among the represented companies were Studebaker, Velie, Overland Automobile, and Buick. All of the buildings were built in the Commercial Style, the major architectural style for commercial buildings at the turn of the century. This style of architecture lacked the ornamentation of the previous Victorian-era structures.</p><br>
<p>LaSalle Street was a major automobile center until the mid-1920s, as other commercial enterprises purchased the lots. By 1952, only two automobile-related structures remained in use on LaSalle Street. Although the buildings no longer harbored automobile-related businesses, 70% of them were used for other purposes and were not demolished. Restorations in the 1990s installed early 1900s-era storefront windows in the district where they had been removed. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Kyle Building  was built in 1933 in downtown Beaumont, Texas. It was designed as a retail storefront, with two-story offices at each end of the building. It is located at 215 Orleans St. The building contains 11 stores, and it is an excellent example of Zig-Zag Art Deco architecture. A contributing property to the Beaumont Historic District, it is located at the site of the former Kyle Opera house, which was demolished in 1931.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Maynard and Edith Hamlin Dixon House and Studio is a residence and former painting studio in Mount Carmel, Utah. Maynard Dixon was a prominent artist in the 1920s through 1940s who is best known for his landscape paintings of the American West. He moved to Mount Carmel in 1939 shortly after marrying Edith Hamlin, a muralist from San Francisco, California. The Dixons spent their summers in the home and wintered in Tucson, Arizona. Maynard Dixon died in 1946, and Edith brought his ashes back to his Mt. Carmel home. Shortly afterward, Edith ordered the construction of a painting studio on the lot, where she created several of her notable works. Edith Dixon sold the home in 1963 to watercolor artist Milford Zornes, who occasionally used the studio. The property is on the National Register of Historic Places and is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Maynard Dixon was born in 1875 in Fresno, California. He trained as an artist in the early 1890s and was a successful illustrator for the rest of the decade. Dixon admired the scenery of the American West and began to make tonalist and impressionist paintings of its landscapes. In the 1920s, he shifted to a Precisionism style, influenced by his then-wife Dorothea Lange. Many of Dixons works included Native Americans and sometimes lived in their reservations and the surrounding, undeveloped land. Dixon married Edith Hamlin, a noted muralist from San Francisco, California in 1937. Over two hundred of Dixons works were hosted in museums and art galleries before his death in 1946.</p><br>
<p>The Dixons moved to Mt. Carmel, Utah in 1939. Maynard first visited the area in 1933 and made several paintings of the small town. Mt. Carmel also proved to be an ideal launching area for excursions to Zion National Park, a place that proved to be an inspiration for several of his most popular works. Maynard made plans to return to Mt. Carmel almost as soon as he married Edith. They purchased an adjoining lot and built a wine cellar and guesthouse. The Dixons spent summers in the Mt. Carmel home and wintered in Tucson, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>Maynard Dixon last visited the home in 1945; his failing health from emphysema forced him to stay in Tucson that summer and he died in his Tucson residence on November 11, 1946. The next year, Edith buried his ashes beneath a boulder at the Mt. Carmel home and installed a memorial plaque. Edith continued to summer in the Mt. Carmel home, adding a large paint studio in 1948. She remarried in 1951 and moved back to San Francisco in 1953. Edith sold the property to her friend, the famed watercolor artist Milford Zornes. Zornes occasionally used the property&#39;s studio for his own works. He sold the house to the Binghams, who restored the building and the property.</p><br>
<p>The house is a -story log home with a stone foundation. The roof features steep gables and a tall chimney. Windows are double-hung, and the upper floor features a balcony. The upper floor can be accessed by an exterior staircase in the rear of the house. The garage, also steeply gabled, was the original living quarters for the Dixons while the main house was being constructed. Ediths studio is a vernacular one-story building with two rooms. The guesthouse was originally a log home with a flagstone extension added in the late 1940s or early 1950s. The wine and fruit cellar is in a hillside west of the residence and features built-in shelves. An outhouse was built in 1939, south of the main house; the house now has indoor plumbing. A trail from the studio leads to Maynard Dixons memorial, which remains on a hill. East of the studio lies a boulder, featuring Maynard&#39;s initials, that was one of his favorite spots. The grounds, which were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, are open to self-guided or guide-led tours for a donation.</p><br>
<p>The Stillwell–Preston House, also known as Riverwind, is located at 9 East Saddle River Road in the borough of Saddle River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1800 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 29, 1986, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Saddle River Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>It began as a farmhouse. When improvements were made in the 1960s, square nails, handmade by a blacksmith, were removed from the walls. At one point, the house to the North on East Saddle River Road was once the carriage house for the estate and the house North of that was where the caretakers lived.</p><br>
<p>Martin Block, host of the "Make Believe Ballroom--so, arguably, the first disk jockey--once lived there. It was actually even larger, with a wing having been knocked down in the 1950s. Once owned by a retired Navy captain, he painted most of the interior battleship gray, since he had the paint and "help" available.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the home was owned by Fred Pfister (who named it "Riverwind"). Fred had previously owned the equally historic Fell House in nearby Allendale, New Jersey. Fred died in July 1969 and his wake was held in the majestic 60-foot-long living room because of his deep love of this beautiful home. His family lived there until 1972.</p><br>
<p>There are ten fireplaces, and those in the bedrooms were faced with carved marble imported from Italy.</p><br>
<p>The Andries Thomas Van Buskirk House is a historic stone house located at 164 East Saddle River Road in the borough of Saddle River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The oldest part of the house was built around 1725–1730 and expanded around 1770. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1937. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission  and the Saddle River MPS.</p><br>
<p>The Westervelt–Cameron House is located at 26 East Glen Avenue in the village of Ridgewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built around 1767 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built by Johannis R. Westervelt. His son, John W. Westervelt, owned it in 1817. Later owners sold it to Alexander and Catharine Cameron, who enlarged it.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office and Court House in Tulsa, Oklahoma, also known as Federal Building, is a federal building of the United States government completed in 1917 and located at 224 South Boulder Avenue. The supervising architect for both the original construction and a substantial extension completed in 1933 was James A. Wetmore. The building houses a post office and housed the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma from 1917 to 1925, when the districts were reconfigured and it became a courthouse of the Northern District of Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Built in the Classical Revival style, the building has been described as "the postal beauty of the southwest… a marble, bronze and granite memorial to its builders".</p><br>
<p>It served historically as a post office, as a courthouse, and as a government office building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The post office and courts relocated to the Page Belcher Federal Building, after it was completed. The former post office building was remodeled, then occupied by the Army Corps of Engineers in the mid 1960s. The building was remodeled again in 1996, after the Corps of Engineers moved to another location. It is now occupied by the U. S. Bankruptcy Court, the National Labor Relations Board and some district court judicial offices.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 2000, as United States Post Office and Courthouse. The building was also identified as a contributing structure for the Oil Capital Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The George Leatherbury House was a historic house along the shore of Portersville Bay, halfway between Bayou La Batre and Bayou Coden, in southern Mobile County, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1912 by George Scarborough Leatherbury in the local "Bay house" style. Leatherbury owned several lumber companies in Mississippi and operated a naval stores company. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Gilbert Building is a four-story Sullivanesque style building in downtown Beaumont, Texas. It was built in 1902 for John N. Gilbert by renowned Galveston architect George B. Stowe. Gulf National Bank, the new building&#39;s first tenant, opened its doors on Tuesday, September 3, 1902. It was subsequently remodeled in 1926 by architects F. W. Steinman & Son. The Gilbert Building contributes to the Beaumont Commercial District listed in the National Register of Historic Places. As of July 2010, the building is abandoned. On June 6, 2024, the building suffered a catastrophic two-alarm fire.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Bronson House is a historic house on Breakneck Hill Road in Middlebury, Connecticut, built about 1738. It is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 18th-century houses, and a good example of residential architecture from that period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah Bronson House is located northeast of the village center of Middlebury in a rural-suburban setting on the north side of Breakneck Hill Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main façade is five bays wide with a symmetrical arrangement of windows around its main entrance. The entrance is unusually wide, with flanking sidelight windows; it was at one time sheltered by a wide portico. The house is only one room deep, suggesting that it was originally built with a lean-to section in the rear. Some time in the 19th century, the lean-to was probably removed and replaced by the present two-story kitchen. The interior retains a significant amount of original woodwork, as altered about 1800 to add some Federal details. To the rear of the house there are two barns of 19th-century or earlier construction.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built about 1738 by Josiah Bronson, whose family was among the first to settle the Breakneck Hill area. The French Army commanded by the Marquis de Lafayette is known to have camped in the area during the American Revolutionary War in 1781 and 1782.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Hamblin House is a historic residence and museum located in Santa Clara, Utah. Jacob Hamblin was a Mormon pioneer and missionary who founded Santa Clara in 1854. The home was constructed for Hamblin by missionaries in 1863, following a flood that had destroyed the town, including Hamblin&#39;s original dwelling.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, the house was given to Utah State Parks and Recreation which restored the structure, opening it as a historic house museum. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) acquired the property from the state in 1974, and has since operated the home, with its missionaries providing free guided tours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Hamblin&#39;s background</h3><br>
<p>Jacob Hamblin was born in 1819 in Ohio. In February 1842, he met a group of preachers of the LDS Church; only days later, he officially joined the church. Church officials immediately recognized his leadership gifts and offered Hamblin the chance to join them in Nauvoo, Illinois. In 1844, a mob assassinated the churchs leader, Joseph Smith, resulting in the succession crisis, in which several men claimed the right to lead the church. Hamblin supported Brigham Young as the President of the Church, and he later traveled west along the Mormon Trail to help the church establish new settlements away from persecution. Hamblins first wife left him when he went west with the Saints. He married Rachel Judd in 1848 and, beginning in 1857, would take several plural wives.</p><br>
<p>Hamblin first settled in Tooele, Utah Territory, where he befriended several local Native Americans. His amicable relations with the natives did not go unnoticed—Brigham Young commissioned Hamblin to serve a mission to the Paiutes (believed by the church members to be Lamanites). Hamblin moved to the southern reaches of the territory and founded the settlement of Santa Clara in 1854. After taking a group of Paiute to Salt Lake City (and marrying another wife, Priscilla Leavitt), he encountered John D. Lee, who had just organized the Mountain Meadows massacre of the Baker-Fancher party. Horrified by the slaughter, Hamblin recovered all of the surviving children from the party and brought them back to Santa Clara.</p><br>
<h3>The house</h3><br>
<p>In 1862, a flood inundated the entire settlement of Santa Clara and forced the residents to construct new homes. A group of missionaries were sent to the town in 1863 to provide housing and care for Hamblins family. The new Jacob Hamblin home was completed later that year. Sandstone was quarried from hills near the home and was assembled by stone masons from Cedar City. The two-story residence was built on a hillside, allowing access to the second floor from atop the hill. A porch on each floor stretches across the front (south end) of the house. Identical rooms were constructed on opposite ends of the house, to accommodate Hamblins two wives, each with a fireplace and staircase to the second floor. Hamblin&#39;s wife Rachel died in 1865, he then married Louisa Bonelli, a convert from Switzerland. Hamblin was then called to serve the Kanab region in 1871, and leased the house to a Mr. Bauman.</p><br>
<h3>Later ownership</h3><br>
<p>The home eventually became the property of the Samuel Knight family. In 1943, Dudley J. Hamblin (son of Jacob Hamblin), purchased the home from the Knights. In 1959, Clara Harmon (daughter Dudley J. Hamblin), and other representatives of the Hamblin family, donated the home to Utah State Parks and Recreation. At the time, the home was in very poor condition and after extensive research and study, the state began a restoration of the structure. The newly restored home was dedicated and officially opened to the public in a ceremony on August 22, 1964. The dedication was held under the direction of State Senator Orval Hafen, and was part of a two-day, 500-person Hamblin family reunion. As property of the state, the home operated as a unit of Dixie State Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the LDS Church and Utah state government agreed to a property trade, in which the state would give the Jacob Hamblin House (and the nearby Brigham Young Winter Home and Office) to the church and in return it would give the state the historic Brigham Young Forest Farmhouse in Salt Lake City. The church would then operate the two southern Utah homes as historic site visitors&#39; centers and the state would move the Forest Farmhouse to Pioneer Trail State Park (currently This Is the Place Heritage Park) where it would be a feature of Old Deseret Village. The Jacob Hamblin House first opened, under church control, in April 1975, but closed that August for additional restoration work and repairs. After refurbishment, the home was dedicated by church leader L. Tom Perry on May 29, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Meadowlands, at 274 Middlesex Road in Darien, Connecticut, USA, also known as DCA Meadowlands or the Darien Community Association House, enjoys a long, distinguished history. The original house was owned by Mary and Frank Green, a wholesale grocer from New York City. Green built his expansive home in the Victorian style in 1876 and resided there until 1915. The home was then bought in 1918 by Charles D. Lockwood, one of the founders of the law firm Cummings and Lockwood. Covering 52 plus acres, the property extended from Middlesex Road and Leroy Avenue to West Avenue. The property operated as a farm with cattle, chickens and fruit trees. The house at that time had on the first floor a parlor, library, hall, dining room, butlers pantry, china closet, and kitchen; second floor included four bedrooms, all with adjoining baths; and the third floor held one large bedroom and three servants rooms.</p><br>
<p>After being sold and resold several times, in 1930 the house was bought by Alice and James H. Stark of New York City. The Starks soon initiated a large-scale renovation project for the home that remodeled it to the Georgian Colonial Revival style (also referred to as the Regency style), abandoning the homes original Victorian style features. Donald G. Tarpley was the lead architect. The new home consisted of 22 rooms, including eight bedrooms on the second floor and several servant rooms on the thrift floor. The remodeling also saw the establishment of the homes notable landscaped gardens.</p><br>
<p>The gardens were designed by one of the premier landscape architects of the early twentieth century, Ellen Biddle Shipman. Shipman designed many gardens for prominent industrialists of the early twentieth century. Her garden designs revealed the importance she placed on privacy, with the garden serving as a secluded retreat from daily life. Shipman&#39;s gardens are also noted for their borders, which Shipman frequently used along with old-fashioned plant varieties to create the feeling of a "grandmother’s garden". Called the "dean of American women landscape architects" by House & Garden magazine, Shipman designed more than 650 gardens across the United States during the first half of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The property changed ownership several times before eventually being sold to The Darien Community Association, Inc. (DCA) by Meylert M. Armstrong in 1950, concluding the DCA&#39;s long search for a permanent home. The original 52 acre property was split up, with the DCA purchasing seven plus acres. Over the years, renovations have been made to the structure to make it more of a gathering place for the community. The need for an even larger assembly space resulted in construction of the Garden Wing, which was completed and dedicated in 1966 to help create a setting for many weddings, parties, lectures and general programs.</p><br>
<p>A major renovation was done in 2000 to add a state-of-the-art kitchen and other structural enhancements, which further added to the DCA&#39;s appeal. The home became a popular setting for weddings and other celebrations. In 2011, the DCA began a restoration project on the first floor, which had begun to show its wear, with careful attention placed on adhering to the style of the house. The DCA was assisted in this by Michelle Canning, both a highly respected interior designer as well as an active member of the DCA. Existing furniture was painstakingly refinished with top quality fabric, donated by Michelle. The rooms have been updated with new paint and paper, evocative of the Georgian design. In 2013–2014, two large capital projects were completed: the installation of parking lot lighting, and renovation of the Garden Wing bathrooms as well as the powder rooms across from the library.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the DCA Meadowlands is a 15,000 square foot, Regency-style estate situated on eight acres of property. The facilities include a spacious Garden Wing with attached commercial kitchen, boardroom and intimate library, and rooms which look out to its formal garden. The property also includes a working Lord & Burnham greenhouse (original to the estate), and a four-acre bird sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Willis G. Clark House  is a historic house located in Northern Mobile County, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The two-story Greek Revival style house was completed in 1865 for Willis Gaylord Clark. Clark, a native of New York, was a successful Mobile politician, businessman, author, and the editor of the Mobile Daily Advertiser. He also served as a trustee of the University of Alabama, with the university&#39;s Clark Hall named in his honor. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1990, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The St. George Tabernacle is a historic building in St. George, Utah. It opened in 1876 to serve as a public works building, originally hosting church services and court hearings. Today, it is open to the public and hosts many public events, such as concerts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement of St. George, Utah Territory was seen to be an important site for the future of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was intended to be a cotton-growing town to allow the members of the church to be self-sufficient. The arid climate of Utah&#39;s Dixie resulted in poor harvests, resulting in economic hardship. Brigham Young, the President of the church at the time, then commissioned the construction of public works buildings in the area to assist the farmers.</p><br>
<p>The tabernacle was intended to work as a church and a courthouse. Funds for the building were raised by diverting all tithes from Beaver and all communities southward. Construction began on June 1, 1863. The building was opened on May 14, 1876, with a dedication ceremony featuring Brigham Young, Jr.</p><br>
<p>Miles Romney, a member of the Romney family, created the plans for the building. The main clock and bell tower stands 140 ft tall. Basement walls were 3 ft thick and the above-ground walls are 2.5 ft thick. The red sandstone bricks used to construct the building were intended to match the surrounding red cliffs. Inside, ceilings rise 29 ft high with a plaster cornice, supported by twenty columns. A gallery was built ten feet off the ground on the north, south, and east walls, with two circular staircases serving the east end. An organ was added in 1878. All materials were local, except for windows, shipped from Wilmington, California. When completed, the church could seat 1,200 people. The clock tower was originally used by the city residents to tell time.</p><br>
<p>The tabernacle still stands and earned the nickname "jewel of the desert". It underwent restoration in 1993 to help it resemble its original state. The building is open to the public and hosts church services and local events, such as public concerts.</p><br>
<p>The Bailey Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge in Amity, Washington County, Pennsylvania. It crosses Ten Mile Creek. It is 15 by 66 feet. It was constructed in 1899 on property owned by the Bailey brothers. The original structure was burned in 1994 and replaced with the current structure. It is the last burr arch covered bridge in the county.</p><br>
<p>It is designated as a historic bridge by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>Beallsville Historic District is a 40 acre district in Beallsville, Pennsylvania. It is designated as a historic district by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The district covers a "typical pike town" of the National Road through this area, meeting criteria laid out in a Multiple Property Submission study. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>In the western part of the district the buildings are largely vernacular with Greek Revival or Federal architectural influences showing in many, from the National Road era of 1818–1852. The eastern part of the district includes larger Italianate and Queen Anne style houses from later in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Significant properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>984 Maiden Street, the oldest building in the district, a log building from 1788 that was home of town founder Zephaniah Beall</p><br>
<p>the 1821 Greenfield Stand, a.k.a. Greenfield Tavern, at 2848 Maiden Street</p><br>
<p>the John Hough House, at 2852 Main Street, an "unassuming" house of a tollkeeper on the road</p><br>
<p>Beallsville Methodist Church, from 1874</p><br>
<p>Cement City Historic District is a historic district in Donora, Pennsylvania. The district includes 80 Prairie School concrete residences built in 1916–17. The homes served as housing for employees of the American Steel and Wire Company. Poured-in-place concrete houses had become popular in large-scale housing developments at the time, partly thanks to promotion by Thomas Edison; the homes built in Donora used a newly patented construction method from the Lambie Concrete House Corporation. Building the houses required a combined 10,000 barrels of Portland cement.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. In 1997, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker on McKean Ave. (Pa. 837) in South Donora, noting the historic importance of the community. It is designated as a historic district by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation. Many of the original cement homes are still standing today, and currently serve as private residences.</p><br>
<p>Centerville Historic District is a historic district in Centerville, Pennsylvania. Centerville represents an intact example of the "pike town" typical of the National Road in Pennsylvania. Little commercial activity remains in the town today, but the ninety-four contributing buildings in the district includes taverns, residences, shops, and services buildings typical of the rise and decline of the National Road.</p><br>
<p>Centerville is designated as a historic district by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Scenery Hill Historic District is a historic district that is located in Scenery Hill, Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic district is a typical Pike Town that is situated on the National Road. Most of the buildings in the district were erected during the two boom periods of the road, and. It contains ninety-three buildings, including taverns, shops, service facilities, and residences. Most of the commercial buildings are clustered in the center of the district, east of the National Road (now USA Route 40) intersection with Spring Valley and Fava Farm Roads.</p><br>
<p>Two buildings also have separate listings on the national register. Hill&#39;s Tavern is the central landmark in the district and, until heavily damaged by a fire on August 17, 2015, had still been in use as a restaurant and hotel, now called the Century Inn. The Ringland Tavern (1827) is not currently in use.</p><br>
<p>This area was designated as a historic district by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>Philip Friend House is a c. 1807 historic farm house in North Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania, US. The stone house is forty feet by thirty feet, two-story, five-bay, and gable-roofed. Contributing outbuildings include a barn, springhouse, wash house, and privy.</p><br>
<p>It is designated as a historic residential landmark/farmstead by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Dusmal House is a historic building in Gastonville, Pennsylvania. It is a three-bay, -story house built in 1839. A one-story addition was added later in the nineteenth century. The historic significance of the house is as an example of the Post Colonial style of architecture found in Western Pennsylvania. Vernacular builders mixed elements of Georgian, Roman Classical, Adamesque, and European Renaissance styles as they saw fit, differing from traditions in other parts of the country.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its National Register of Historic Places listing, it is also designated as a historic residential landmark/farmstead by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The Harrison House was an historic building which was located in Centerville, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built circa 1845 as a Post Colonial Greek Revival house, and later updated to a High Victorian Italianate style, this former five-bay -story structure with a two-story bay window unit with a turret roof and a four-story tower was unusual for the Washington County, Pennsylvania area.</p><br>
<p>It was designated as a historic residential landmark/farmstead by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Satellite images show that the house no longer exists.</p><br>
<p>The Hudson Downtown Historic District is a historic district comprising the downtown area of the city of Hudson in westernmost Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on January 21, 1974. It was later added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 24, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district traces its origins to the founding of Hudson with the arrival of the railways in 1837. Merchants opened establishments at this location on the Tiffin River in the early 1840s, and by 1853, hudson was organized as a village. Hudson served as an important trading center from 1854–1891. Most of the original wooden buildings were destroyed in a fire in 1858, and two and three story brick buildings replaced them. Another fire in 1864 destroyed much of the remaining wooden building stock. The oldest remaining building in the district is the J. K. Boise Dry Goods Company (Hudson Dry Goods) block located on the southeast corner of West Main and Church streets, which dates from 1854-1855.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Hudson Downtown Historic District encompasses West Main Street (M-34) between Howard Street on the west and Market Street on the east. It extends to the north to Railroad Street and south to Seward Street. The Dr. Leonard Hall House was located at 334 West Main Street within the district, although that property has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The district includes fifty structures, most of which are architecturally significant representations of the kind of buildings that were commonly erected in the nineteenth century in small midwestern towns. The majority of the buildings are two- and three-story commercial structures designed to house businesses and office space. These are primarily brick, although some older frame structures still stand on Church Street.</p><br>
<p>Hill&#39;s Tavern is a historic building in Scenery Hill, Pennsylvania. It was heavily damaged by a fire that started shortly before midnight on August 17, 2015. For a period in the early 1900s, the inn was known as Central Hotel. until the fire brought an end to its 221 years of continuous operation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tavern is located in an unincorporated community now called Scenery Hill, in the township of North Bethlehem. North Bethlehem was split from West Bethlehem in 1921, which had been split into East and West Bethlehem in 1790. The town was originally in an area called Springtown, surveyed in 1785 for Isaac Bush, who sold the land to George Hill in 1796. That land was conveyed to Hills son Stephen in 1800. Stephen Hill and Thomas McGiffin, who had acquired an interest in the land, announced that lots would be sold for a new town called Hillsborough, "on the National road, adjoining Hills Stone tavern" in an advertisement in the July 26th 1819 Washington Reporter.</p><br>
<p>A public house was in existence as early as 1794 at the future Hillsborough site. The first proprietor was Stephen Hill, son of George Hill. Later proprietors include Thomas Hill, a relative of Stephen Hill but not a son; then Samuel Youman, John Hampson, John Gibson, William Dawson and Oliver Lacock. They were followed by John Lacock, Mrs. P. M. Tombaugh and Jacob Gherlin through 1910. The Direct Tax of 1798 records for West Bethlehem, listing all dwelling places, shows one 24 by 22 foot log dwelling with a 20 by 18 log kitchen outbuilding for Stephen Hill. There is no stone structure listed for the property, and only one, unrelated, stone dwelling in the township.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two and a half-story stone tavern was built with dressed stone in the Post Colonial vernacular with Georgian influences.</p><br>
<p>In 1952, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker noting the historic importance of the tavern. The tavern was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and is also part of the Scenery Hill Historic District</p><br>
<h2>Fire</h2><br>
<p>An accidental fire on August 17, 2015, started in a wood-frame addition to the Inn. The interior was destroyed, along with antiques, and artwork. A Whiskey Rebellion flag, some think the only one associated with the rebellion, in existence, was saved.</p><br>
<h2>Reopening</h2><br>
<p>After 30 months of rebuilding, the Century Inn was reopened on Feb 15, 2018. The front of the building, including the original stone walls, look just like they did before the fire. The interior, although new, was restored to the previous design, including furniture, antiques, trim, and artwork. The Whiskey Rebellion flag has been returned to the wall where it was previously.</p><br>
